Who can buy in Switzerland?

Buying Property in Switzerland in 2025: Rules, Restrictions, and Opportunities

Purchasing real estate in Switzerland attracts many buyers each year, whether they are Swiss families, long-term expatriates, or foreign investors. However, before making such a move, it is essential to understand the legal framework in place. In Switzerland, property acquisition is governed by the Federal Act on the Acquisition of Real Estate by Foreigners (LFAIE), more commonly known as the Lex Koller (formerly Lex Friedrich). In addition, the Lex Weber, adopted by popular vote in 2012, imposes specific restrictions on second homes.

Here is a complete guide to understanding who can buy property in Switzerland, under what conditions, and the particularities in Geneva, Lausanne, Zurich, and Alpine resorts.

 

Swiss Citizens and EU/EFTA Nationals

Swiss citizens, as well as nationals of the European Union (except Croatia) and the European Free Trade Association (EFTA), enjoy simplified access to the Swiss property market.

• No special authorization required: individuals holding a valid residence permit (B, C, or L) can freely purchase a primary or secondary residence.

• Holders of a C permit (permanent residence) have the same rights as Swiss citizens.

• Holders of a B permit (temporary residence) can acquire their primary residence without restrictions but must obtain authorization for additional acquisitions.

 

👉 In summary, for Swiss citizens and EU/EFTA nationals residing in Switzerland, buying real estate is generally unrestricted.

 

Nationals of Non-EU/EFTA Countries

For non-European citizens, the rules are stricter:

• Purchasing a primary residence is possible, provided they hold a valid residence permit (B, C, or L).

• In the case of land acquisition, construction must begin within one year of purchase.

• Only one property per family (couple + minor children) is allowed.

• Property size is limited: in principle, 200 m² of living space (exceptionally 250 m²), with land not exceeding 1,000 m² (exceptionally 1,500 m²).

• Resale within five years of purchase is prohibited, except in cases of force majeure (death, illness, compulsory relocation).

 

Second Homes: The Lex Weber Restrictions

Since 2012, municipalities where over 20% of the housing stock consists of second homes cannot authorize new ones. This significantly reduces opportunities in highly touristic Alpine resorts (Verbier, Zermatt, St. Moritz, etc.). In addition, only 1,500 properties per year may be acquired by foreigners across Switzerland.

 

👉 For non-EU/EFTA foreign buyers, purchasing real estate in Switzerland is possible but highly regulated.

 

International Civil Servants

Employees of international organizations based in Geneva (UN, WHO, WTO, etc.) benefit from special conditions. Their ability to acquire property depends on their legitimation card, nationality, and the duration of their mandate.

In most cases:

• A primary residence can be purchased.

• Acquiring a second home is subject to the same restrictions as for other non-resident foreigners.

• Commercial properties remain fully accessible without restrictions.

 

Commercial Properties

Unlike private residences, commercial real estate (offices, shops, hotels, warehouses, etc.) can be acquired by foreigners without limitation. Purchases can be made in one’s own name or through a company, whether Swiss or foreign.

These properties may then be used for profit-making activities or rented out, making them a genuine investment opportunity on the Swiss market.

 

Conclusion: Investing in Swiss Real Estate in 2025

Buying property in Switzerland remains an excellent opportunity, whether to live in or as an investment. However, Swiss regulations are complex and vary according to nationality, residency status, and the type of property.

 

👉 Before starting any purchase project, it is strongly recommended to work with a specialized real estate agency to secure the transaction and ensure compliance with both the Lex Koller and the Lex Weber.